9 (2) 2025, APRIL 2025
Pages: 23-41
DOI: 10.63551/jggpb.vol.9.issue02.001
Molecular marker based assessment of genetic diversity and morphogenetic stability in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq.)
Author: R. Palanda, S. Nuttapong, P. Nathinee, P. Baskaran, B. Harry
Category: Genomics
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Abstract:
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most important oil crops globally. Given the rise in palm oil consumption, Thailand seeks to sustain its position, as a major global supplier of the product. Thus, development of high quality and high yielding oil palm hybrids that are suitably adapted to Thailand’s climatic and environmental conditions is critical. The current research was important to investigate the clonal palms morphogenesis (leaf and frond), mantling fruiting, yield records, clonal fidelity, genetic integrity (TxT crosses legitimacy) of progenies and shell thickness (DNA band after HindIII) using SSR and CAPS markers to establish high yielding clonal palm suitable for unique environmental and climatic conditions. Superior morphogenetic characters and genetic integrity were detected from clones at the Univanich Oil Palm facility. The morphogenesis and yield records varied between clones. A normal fruiting palm (0% mantling) with better oil yield (36.97 kg/p/yr) and oil to bunch (27.73%) were recorded in T73 clone. The clonal fidelity (100%) with 8 SSR loci and progenies legitimacy (87% - 100%) with 19 SSR loci were confirmed. The CAPS marker resulted in specific DNA banding patterns that were identified in all Deli Dura palms. The current study confirms that morphogenically and genetically superior clones of the highest quality are able to produce commercial semi-clonal seeds. The results also highlight the possibility for the development of a specific marker for somaclonal variation and shell thickness.
Keywords: Breeding program, genomics markers, hybrid oil palm, semi clonal seeds, univanich
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